Abstract
Author(s): Josef Dvorak
Statement of the Problem: Primary cilia are specialized sensory microtubulebased organelles that project from the surface of almost all human cells except hematopoietic cells. Primary cilia are considered to represent a functional homologue of the immune synapse due to morphological and functional similarities in architecture. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential association and combined prognostic significance of the frequency of primary cilia (PC), programmed cell death protein-1 receptor (PD1) and CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in patients with clear cell renal cancer (ccRCC). Methods: The frequency of PC, PD1 expression and the frequency of intratumoral CD8+TIL were evaluated in 104 ccRCC patients. Results: The expression of PD1+ cells was <5% in 52 patients, 5-25% in 34 patients and 26-50% in 13 patients and >50% in 5 patients. Intratumoral CD8+ TIL were evaluable in all patients: negative in 1 patient, <25% in 63, 26-50% in 29 and >50% in 11 patients, respectively. Overall survival (OS)
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